Biology

Invasive species are non-native organisms that, when introduced to new environments, thrive and spread aggressively, causing ecological, economic, or health-related harm. These species often outcompete native flora and fauna, upsetting the delicate balance of ecosystems. Their introduction can occur through various means, including accidental transport by humans, intentional release, or…
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Intraspecific competition refers to the struggle or competition for resources and survival between individuals of the same species. Within a population of organisms sharing the same ecological niche, this competition can arise due to limited resources such as food, shelter, mates, or territory. It’s a fundamental aspect of population dynamics…
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Intelligent design is a theory that suggests certain features of the universe and living organisms are best explained by an intelligent cause rather than an undirected process like natural selection. Proponents of intelligent design argue that certain aspects of nature exhibit patterns and complexities that are unlikely to have arisen…
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Interphase represents a critical stage within the cell cycle, encompassing the period between cell divisions. Comprising roughly 90% of the cell cycle’s duration, interphase consists of three distinct phases: G1 (Gap 1), S (Synthesis), and G2 (Gap 2). During G1 phase, the cell grows and carries out its normal functions,…
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Inherited traits, often referred to as hereditary traits, are characteristics that are passed down from one generation to the next within a species. These traits are primarily determined by an individual’s genetic makeup. Genes, which are segments of DNA, serve as the instructional code for the development and functioning of…
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Indo-Burma, also known as the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot, is a biogeographic region of significant ecological importance in Southeast Asia. It spans a substantial portion of mainland Southeast Asia, covering countries such as Myanmar (Burma), Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, and parts of southwestern China. The region is defined by its diverse…
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Incubators serve as vital tools in various fields, offering controlled environments for the growth and development of living organisms or cell cultures. These devices are designed to regulate temperature, humidity, and often carbon dioxide levels, providing ideal conditions for cell growth, bacterial culture, or the hatching of avian or reptilian…
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Incomplete dominance is a genetic phenomenon that occurs when neither of the two alleles for a particular gene is completely dominant over the other. Instead, it results in a unique blending of their traits in the heterozygous individual, creating a distinct intermediate phenotype. For instance, if you cross a red-flowered…
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Inbreeding is a term that refers to the process of closely related individuals breeding within a population, which typically includes mating between siblings or cousins. It’s a phenomenon observed in various species, and its consequences can be both positive and negative, primarily concerning genetic diversity, health, and population fitness. In…
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Imperfect fungi, also known as Deuteromycota, represent a unique group within the fungal kingdom. What sets them apart is the absence of a known sexual reproductive stage in their life cycle. This lack of sexual reproduction is the defining characteristic of imperfect fungi. In typical fungi, sexual reproduction involves the…
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